(Updated: July 28, 2013)
Yesterday, High German media wrote near an official missive of the alphabet from the NSA, which was sent to the High German authorities to clarify some misconceptions near PRISM. This because High German media as well as politics were heavily confused later on it became clear that there's to a greater extent than than 1 programme named PRISM.
The NSA missive of the alphabet explains what the PRISM information collection programme is near as well as thus confirms that this programme is unlike from a to a greater extent than mutual armed forces spider web tool called "Planning tool for Resource Integration, Synchronization as well as Management" (PRISM).
Surprisingly, the NSA also reveals that there's fifty-fifty a 3rd programme called PRISM. In this representative the call stands for "Portal for Real-time Information Sharing as well as Management" as well as it's evidently an internal NSA information sharing program. It was unknown until now, in all probability because it's used inwards the NSA's highly sensitive Information Assurance Directorate (IAD).
Initially: 2 unlike PRISMs
Almost instantly later on The Washington Post came amongst their disclosure of PRISM on June 6, some people googled as well as constitute out at that topographic point were also a issue of other programs called PRISM. Because both papers failed to clarify the precise nature of PRISM, it seemed that the programme could convey been the same equally a to a greater extent than mutual application called "Planning tool for Resource Integration, Synchronization as well as Management" (PRISM). We examined this inwards an earlier article.
However, this alternative of both PRISMs beingness 1 as well as the same had to endure abandoned later on The Washington Post published this article as well as graphically shown inwards this figure:
Comparing the PRISM information collection programme as well as the PRISM planning tool
(click for a bigger picture)
Confusion inwards Germany
On July 17, the High German tabloid BILD came amongst big headlines claiming that troops of the High German federal defence forces (Bundeswehr) inwards Transitional Islamic State of Afghanistan already knew near PRISM inwards 2011. This suggested that the High German authorities was lying, because before it had denied all accusations of knowing anything near the PRISM programme equally unveiled yesteryear Edward Snowden.
BILD constitute "PRISM" mentioned inwards a confidential e-mail, which the ISAF Joint Command Headquarters inwards Kabul sent to all Regional Commands (RC) inwards Transitional Islamic State of Afghanistan on September 1, 2011:
Screenshot of the front end page of the High German tabloid BILD,
equally shown on the High German television set channel ZDF
This publication caused a lot of discussion, thus already on the same day, spokesmen from both the High German unusual intelligence means BND as well as the High German defence forces declared that at that topographic point are 2 unlike PRISM programs: the showtime 1 beingness the programme unveiled yesteryear Edward Snowden, as well as the minute 1 beingness a "computer supported USA communications system", which is used inwards Transitional Islamic State of Afghanistan "to coordinate USA reconaissance systems as well as to acquaint collected information" - equally nosotros tin dismiss read from this missive of the alphabet of the assistant Defense minister:
Screenshot of a missive of the alphabet from the assistent High German Defense government minister to the High German parliament,
explaining the PRISM confusion, equally shown on the High German television set channel ZDF
Both officials didn't tell that the total call of this minute PRISM is "Planning tool for Resource Integration, Synchronization as well as Management", making it harder to proof that both programs are different.
Again this shows severe deficiencies inwards informing the populace as well as inwards enquiry yesteryear the media. The BILD-article is pure sensationalism. Simply googling key words from sections of the email similar "collection administration shop", "COMINT nominations [...] must endure resubmitted into PRISM" as well as "SIGINT Operational Tasking Authority" would convey quickly pointed to the PRISM planning tool.
As described earlier, the minute PRISM is a so-called tasking tool, which is used to asking the intelligence information which is needed for armed forces operations. As such it's the meat application of the armed forces intelligence collection management. This PRISM planning tool runs over the intelligence community's JWICS as well as the military's SIPRNet networks. It was developed yesteryear SAIC, showtime mentioned inwards 2002 as well as since thus inwards many chore descriptions on the internet.
Only rattling few media did this sort of enquiry as well as constitute out that at that topographic point are actually 2 unlike PRISM programs. We tin dismiss meet for representative 1 article at Netzpolitik.org, which connects a flake besides many things, as well as some other 1 at Golem.de, which is based upon enquiry yesteryear this weblog.
A missive of the alphabet from the NSA
On July 25, the website of the High German paper WELT cited a missive of the alphabet which the NSA sent to the High German federal authorities to answer official questions near PRISM. The missive of the alphabet says the media is "confusing 2 split upwards as well as distinct PRISM programs" as well as continues amongst explaining what the showtime programme is about:
"The showtime PRISM pertains to the unusual intelligence collection beingness conducted nether Section 702 of the U.S. Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA). This is the programme that has caught the most attending of our publics, politicians as well as the media.
This is non mass collection, as well as at that topographic point are restrictions on how long the information tin dismiss endure retained. It is carefully targeted inwards accordance amongst a populace constabulary as well as requires courtroom approving as well as supervision.
Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 fundamental, protective requirement of FISA is that it restricts the might of the U.S. Government to obtain the contents of communications from communications service providers yesteryear requiring that the courtroom notice that the authorities has an appropriate as well as documented unusual intelligence purpose, such equally the prevention of terrorism, hostile cyber activities or nuclear proliferation."
Screenshot of the missive of the alphabet from the NSA to the High German government,
equally shown on the High German television set channel ZDF
According to High German media, the NSA missive of the alphabet continues yesteryear maxim that the minute PRISM programme is a tool, which is used yesteryear USA troops inwards Transitional Islamic State of Afghanistan to gild as well as search intelligence information. This is the programme mentioned inwards the ISAF email from 2011 as well as is clearly the Planning tool for Resource Integration, Synchronization as well as Management (PRISM), allthough that's non solely used inwards Afghanistan, merely also at other USA armed forces commands.
Surprisingly as well as all yesteryear itself, the NSA added that there's fifty-fifty a 3rd programme called PRISM, which is fully independent from the 2 PRISM programs mentioned before. In this representative the call is also an acronym, which stands for "Portal for Real Time Information Sharing as well as Management" as well as the programme is evidently used for internal real-time telephone substitution of information.
By at nowadays nosotros already convey quite some information near the showtime PRISM program, nosotros know there's a clear distinction from the minute PRISM tool as well as nosotros fifty-fifty learned near a 3rd PRISM. Nonetheless, High German opposition leaders said they nonetheless hardly know what PRISM is all about, merely this seems to endure mainly for political ends, equally Federal Republic of Federal Republic of Germany is facing full general elections inwards September.
Now: 3 unlike PRISMs
It seems that NSA revealed the existance of the 3rd PRISM programme for the rattling showtime time, equally it never appeared somewhere online before. If nosotros google its total name, the solely results are the recent High German intelligence reports. The High German magazine Der Spiegel came amongst some other quote, which seems to suggest that this 3rd NSA tool "tracks as well as queries requests pertaining to our Information Assurance Directorate".
If that's correct, it could explicate why nosotros never heard of this program. The NSA's Information Assurance Directorate (IAD) is a rattling secretive division, because it's responsible for safeguarding USA authorities as well as armed forces secrets yesteryear implementing sophisticated encryption techniques.
Probably the most remarkable affair near the novel "Portal for Real-time Information Sharing as well as Management" is non its function, which seems pretty obvious, merely the fact that at that topographic point are 3 programs amongst precisely the same name.
But from what nosotros know yesteryear now, it also becomes clear that each programme is used for unlike purposes as well as inwards unlike environments: the PRISM information collecting programme is component of NSA's Signals Intelligence division, the PRISM planning tool is used for armed forces intelligence as well as the PRISM information sharing portal inwards the Information Assurance partitioning of the NSA.
Finally, here's a curt summary of all 3 unlike PRISM programs:
1. PRISM
This is a codeword for an NSA projection of collecting information near unusual targets from information of nine major USA cyberspace companies. This programme started inwards 2007 as well as was unveiled yesteryear Edward Snowden inwards June 2013.
2. Planning tool for Resource Integration, Synchronization as well as Management (PRISM)
This is a spider web tool used yesteryear USA armed forces intelligence to shipping tasking instructions to information collection platforms deployed to armed forces operations. This programme is non rattling hole-and-corner as well as was showtime mentioned inwards 2002.
3. Portal for Real-time Information Sharing as well as Management (PRISM)
This is an internal NSA programme for real-time sharing of information, evidently inwards the NSA's Information Assurance Directorate. Its existance was revealed yesteryear the NSA inwards July 2013.
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