(Updated: Apr 22, 2018)
The electrical flow 2018 Winter Olympics, held inward PyeongChang, South Korea, led to a charm offensive past times neighbouring North Korea, which included the reopening of a edge hotline alongside the South, that had been closed for almost 2 years.
The reopening came alongside novel photos of the fancy-looking communications equipment, which volition go described here, equally good equally the fact that there's non simply i telephone line, but over 40. Unlike other hotlines, the ones betwixt North in addition to Republic of Korea are by in addition to large used for low-level practical issues.
> See also: Bilateral hotlines worldwide
Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 South Korean liaison officeholder speaks alongside his North Korean counterpart over the
inter-Korean communications channel at Panmunjom, Jan 3, 2018
(photo: Unification Ministry - click to enlarge)
The Red Cross hotline
The get-go hotline betwixt North in addition to Republic of Korea became operational on September 22, 1971. The link was the lawsuit of the get-go inter-Korean Red Cross coming together held on September 20, which resulted inward an understanding to found 2 lines for directly telephone calls betwixt the 2 countries.
It was also agreed to build a liaison business office within the Joint Security Area (JSA) of Panmunjom, which is inward the heavily-fortified Demilitarized Zone (DMZ). The directly telephone link betwixt the liaison offices is thus frequently called the Red Cross or edge hotline.
Equipment of the hotline
On the South Korean side, the hotline equipment is located inward the communication business office on the 2nd flooring of the Freedom House, which was built inward 1998. On the North side, the draw of piece of job ends at a desk inward the Panmungak building, which is less than 100 meters (328 feet) away. In the Panmunjom area, the hotlines similar to how the hotline betwixt Washington in addition to Moscow is operated, although that i is simply for written communications.
Finally, when a document alongside official seals has to go delivered to either North or South Korea, a telephone recall is made to adjust a face-to-face coming together at a certainly fourth dimension on the demarcation line.
Earlier hotline equipment
The before equipment that was used on the hotline of inter-Korean Liaison Office tin go seen inward a series of photos published on the occasion of its reopening on August 14, 2000, after having been closed since Nov 1996:
South Korean government minister of Unification, Park Jae-kyu using the hotline, August 14, 2000
(photo: The Korea Times - click to enlarge)
The South Korean government minister of Unification using the hotline, August 14, 2000
(photo: eHistory - click to enlarge)
This before hotline device, alongside the size of a modest refrigerator, has 2 telephone handsets, i inward yellowish in addition to i inward around form of low-cal green. In the upper department there's a tape recorder for each of the telephone lines. It seems that after the novel equipment was installed inward 2009, the one-time device was kept equally a remembrance, covered past times a bluish fabric alongside a golden fringe:
The one-time (left) in addition to the novel (right) hotline equipment
(photo: Unification News - click to enlarge)
More hotlines betwixt the Koreas
After the Red Cross edge hotline at Panmunjom was established, to a greater extent than lines would follow. On Apr 29, 1972, a directly draw of piece of job betwixt Seoul in addition to Pyongyang was secretly gear upwardly to cook the see of high-ranking officials to Pyongyang. Following this visit, the manager of the CIA contacted North Korean president Kim Il-sung in addition to they agreed upon a directly telephone draw of piece of job for the Inter-Korean Control Committee.
The Joint Security Area (JSA) betwixt North en South Korea, alongside the
North Korean Panmungak building, seen from the South
(photo: iStock - click to enlarge)
33 hotlines through Panmunjom
More lines were established throughout the 1990s in addition to 2000s in addition to since Dec 2010 at that spot are 33 directly telephone lines which connect North in addition to Republic of Korea through Panmunjom. Five of them are intended for daily communications, 21 for negotiations betwixt the 2 countries, 2 for treatment air traffic, 2 for ocean carry in addition to 3 for economical co-operation:
- 2 lines inward Panmunjom for the Red Cross, since September 22, 1971.
- 1 draw of piece of job betwixt Seoul in addition to Pyongyang to cook a high-level visit, since Apr 29, 1972.
- xx lines betwixt Seoul in addition to Pyongyang for inter-Korean Red Cross talks, including 2 lines for the Central Red Cross Organisation, since August 18, 1972.
- 1 draw of piece of job betwixt Seoul in addition to Pyongyang for economical talks, since Dec 20, 1984.
- 2 lines betwixt the newly established inter-Korean Liaison Office inward the Panmunjom Freedom House in addition to the Panmokgak edifice for inter-agency concern talks, since May 18, 1992.
- 2 lines betwixt Daegu (since September 18, 2001: Incheon) in addition to Pyongyang for air traffic control, since Nov 19, 1997.
- 2 lines betwixt Seoul in addition to Pyongyang for the inter-Korean Maritime Authority, since August 12, 2005.
- 3 lines betwixt Seoul in addition to the Kaesong Industrial Complex for the inter-Korean Economic Cooperation Consultation Office, since Nov 1, 2005.
Several of these directly telephone lines through Panmunjom convey lost their master copy function, such equally the i for economical talks, but these lines are at nowadays for illustration used equally a fax draw of piece of job for communications betwixt the North in addition to South Korean Red Cross Liaison Office, which was opened on Apr 11, 2004.
The Joint Security Area (JSA) betwixt North en South Korea, with
the novel South Korean Freedom House, seen from the North
(photo: jaytindall.asia - click to enlarge)
15 hotlines exterior Panmunjom
There are also xv inter-Korean directly telephone lines which, due to geographical reasons, are non connected to Panmunjom:
- 3 lines betwixt military machine authorities for the agreed upon inward June 2004, inward a measuring towards easing tensions in addition to avoid accidental clashes. On the network at that spot are at to the lowest degree 2 photos that plainly demo military machine hotlines betwixt North in addition to South Korea. We consider ordinary military machine acre telephones, which don't seem to convey encryption capability, but it's possible that they are connected to split encryption units:
South Korean Lieutenant Choi Don-Rim (left) communicates alongside a North Korean officer
at a military machine business office nigh the Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) inward 2005.
(photo: AFP - click to enlarge)
Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 South Korean military machine official communicates alongside his North Korean
counterpart through a military machine hotline, September 6, 2013.
(photo: Yonhap - click to enlarge)
Interruptions of the hotlines
Since the establisment of the get-go hotline inward 1971, the directly communication links betwixt North in addition to Republic of Korea were interrupted 7 times, each fourth dimension past times North Korea:
1976:
On August 30, presently after the Panmunjom ax attack, the hotline was closed downwards past times the North. It was resumed on Feb 7, 1980 next a get-go working-level understanding to hash out the inter-Korean prime number ministerial talks.
1980:
Democratic People's Republic of Korea unilaterally declared to cease contact on September 24. The hotline was reopened in i lawsuit to a greater extent than on September 29, next an understanding alongside the North Korean Red Cross for consultation on North Korean inundation assistance.
1996:
The directly telephone lines were aborted straightaway after a North Korean submarine ran aground nigh Gangneung inward the South inward an attempted infiltration mission. Communications resumed on August 14, 2000 next the get-go understanding on inter-Korean ministerial talks.
2008:
Democratic People's Republic of Korea declared the hotline "disconnected" after Seoul proposed a resolution nigh human rights inward Democratic People's Republic of Korea during the General Assembly of the UN inward November. Communications resumed on August 25, 2009 alongside the see of President Kim Dae-jung's exceptional envoy to Seoul in addition to inter-Korean Red Cross talks.
2010:
After the Cheonan incident, Democratic People's Republic of Korea closed downwards all communications channels alongside the South on May 26. The air command telephone draw of piece of job was re-established on Oct 18, 2010, spell the lines at the inter-Korean Red Cross liaison business office were reconnected on Jan 12, 2011.
2013:
On March 11, Democratic People's Republic of Korea had stopped responding to calls on the Red Cross hotlines in addition to also shut down the communication draw of piece of job alongside the American military machine command inward South Korea, equally good equally the military machine telephone in addition to fax lines used to coordinate cross-border go to the articulation industrial common inward Kaesong. The North also closed, simply similar all other hotlines through Panmunjom, except for the 2 air traffic controle lines.
Most recent reopening
On Jan 3, 2018, North Korean leader Kim Jong Un gave the social club to reopen the Panmunjom edge hotline at 3:00 PM local time. According to South Korea's Unification Ministry, the North Koreans made get-go contact at precisely the fourth dimension ordered.
Both sides were on the telephone from 3:30 PM to 3:50 PM local fourth dimension in addition to during this initial 20-minute conversation, the 2 nations "checked technical issues of the communication line," according to a disceptation from South Korea's Unification Ministry.
The Ministry said Democratic People's Republic of Korea phoned for a 2nd fourth dimension several hours later, suggesting the 2 sides roll upwardly concern for the day. Other than checking that the link was operational, it is unclear what was discussed. According to a ministry building spokeswoman at that spot was no refer of hereafter talks or the Olympics.
Update
Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 top-level telephone hotline betwixt the presidents of North in addition to Republic of Korea was established on Apr 20, 2018, inward training of a summit betwixt both leaders afterwards that calendar month inward the edge town of Panmunjum. Before this meeting, both presidents are expected to convey a verbalize over the phone, but no appointment has been laid for the call.
According to the Yonhap tidings agency, the novel hotline connects the desk of South Korean president Luna Jae-in at the presidential Blue House alongside North Korea's State Affairs Commission, which is headed past times Kim Jong-un. South Korean officials were the get-go to selection upwardly the phone, in addition to so took a furnish telephone recall from their North Korean counterparts to brand certainly the draw of piece of job was working inward both directions.
Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 South Korean official talks on a telephone for testing the novel hotline
at the presidential Blue House inward Seoul, Apr 20, 2018
(photo: Yonhap - click to enlarge)
Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 telephone laid that is used for the hotline between
the presidents of North in addition to South Korea
(photo: AFP - click to enlarge)
Links in addition to sources
- Reuters: Unique 'hotline' sets phase for novel North in addition to Republic of Korea talks (2018)
- Korea Exposé: Call Me Maybe: How N. in addition to S. Korea Actually Communicate (2017)
- Huffington Post Korea: 남북 직통전화 개설과 중단의 간략한 역사 (2014)
- Ministry of Unification: 남북관계 지식사전
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